Processing count queries over event streams at multiple time granularities

Management and analysis of streaming data has become crucial with its applications in web, sensor data, network tra c data, and stock market. Data streams consist of mostly numeric data but what is more interesting is the events derived from the numerical data that need to be monitored. The events obtained from streaming data form event streams. Event streams have similar properties to data streams, i.e., they are seen only once in a fixed order as a continuous stream. Events appearing in the event stream have time stamps associated with them in a certain time granularity, such as second, minute, or hour. One type of frequently asked queries over event streams is count queries, i.e., the frequency of an event occurrence over time. Count queries can be answered over event streams easily, however, users may ask queries over di erent time granularities as well. For example, a broker may ask how many times a stock increased in the same time frame, where the time frames specified could be hour, day, or both. This is crucial especially in the case of event streams where only a window of an event stream is available at a certain time instead of the whole stream. In this paper, we propose a technique for predicting the frequencies of event occurrences in event streams at multiple time granularities. The proposed approximation method e ciently estimates the count of events with a high accuracy in an event stream at any time granularity by examining the distance distributions of event occurrences. The proposed method has been implemented and tested on di erent real data sets and the results obtained are presented to show its e ectiveness

COMPARISON OF TURKEY'S ACADEMIC PUBLICATION PERFORMANCE IN ASTRONOMY EDUCATION WITH OTHER COUNTRIES ACCORDING TO WEB OF SCIENCE DATABASE

In this study, a bibliometric evaluation of the articles published between 1975 and 2020 in astronomy education in the Web of Science database is aimed to reveal the trend in this field and to compare the articles from Turkey with other countries. During the article search process, the keyword "astronomy" was scanned both in the title and content of the articles. A total of 284 articles were reviewed under the Education/Educational Research category. VOSviewer (V1.6.15) package program was used to create and visualize bibliometric network maps of the articles examined within the scope of the study. In the findings, it was seen that approximately four-fifths of the articles published in the field of astronomy education have been published in the last ten years. It was determined that the most effective country in which publications are made on astronomy education is the USA, and Turkey is in the second place with 25 articles. It is noteworthy that while the average number of citations per publication for all the articles examined is 14.62, the average number of citations for articles originating from Turkey is 3.56. Based on such findings, Turkey's academic publication performance in astronomy education has been tried to be revealed

Column of Bertin: Normal sonographic findings

Çalışmamızda, Bertin kolonunun (BK) sonografık (US) bulguları araştırıldı. Tomografide (BT) BK saptanan 66 olgu US ile; US'de BK şüpheli bulunan (hipoekoik, kontum bombe, heterojen, vasküler veya kistik) 22 olgu BT ile değerlendirildi. US'de ekojenite, kontur bombeliği vaskülarite bakıldı ve aksiyel ve longitudinal kesitleri üzerinde BK kalınlığı (sırasıyla AK ve LK), longitudinal kesitte böbrek parankim kalınlığı (PK) ölçüldü. LK/PK ve AK/PK hesaplandı. BK kalınlığı ile PK arasındaki ilişki Pearson testi ile değerlendirildi. 39 olguda iki taraflı, 9 böbrekte 2'şer adet, toplam 136 BK incelendi. US'de şüpheli BK'larının ikisinde böbrek hücreli kanser ve duvarı kalsifıye kist saptandı. Diğer olgularda BK BT'de normaldi. Normal BK'lannda LK, AK, LK/PK ve AK/PK sırasıyla 14.0±3.1; 13.2±2.9; 1.Ü0.19 ve 1.0±0.17; kanser saptanan olguda 26 mm, 28 mm; 2.15 ve 2'ydi. PK ile AK ve LK arasında anlamlı ilişki saptandı (AK-PK r=0.555, p<0.001, LK-PK r=0.614, p<0.001). Normal BK'larının tamamında kontura paralel çevresel, %18'inde az sayıda merkezi vasküler yapı, 12'sinde (%9,0) hipoekoik yapı, dokuzunda (%6) bombe kontur, sekizinde (%6) hapsolmuş kaliks; kanser saptanan olguda hipoekojenite ve merkezi artmış vaskülarite vardı. Sonuç olarak, artmış vaskülarite ve kalınlık patolojik BK için şüpheli sonografık bulgulardır.Introduction: We aimed to describe the normal and pathologic sonographic (US) findings of column of Bertin (CB). Materials and Methods: The study was performed on sixty-six patients who had CB on CT. CB was found to be suspicious in 22 cases; with either hypoechoic, heterogeneous, bulging contour, increased vascularity or cystic areas on US. Patient underwent US and CT imaging following their initial CT and US examinations, respectively. On CT images, isodens and homogeneous texture, enhancement equal to renal cortex were accepted as normal findings. The thickness of CB on axial (AT) and longitudinal (LT) sonography images and the thickness of renal parenchyme (PT) on longitudinal images were measured. The ratio of AT to PT and LT to PT were calculated. Echogenity, vascularity, and contours of CB were evaluated on sonography. The data evaluated with Pearson and t tests. Results: CB was bilateral in 39, and double in 9 cases. Totally 136 CB were evaluated. In two sonographically suspicious CB, renal cell carcinoma (pathologically confirmed) and Bosniak type 2 cysts were detected. In LT, AT, LT/PT and AT/PT were 14.0&plusmn;3.1 mm (maximum: 23.4mm), 13.2&plusmn;2.9 mm (maximum: 21.8 mm), 1.1&plusmn;0.19 (maximum: 1.56) and 1.0&plusmn;0.17 (maximum: 1.67) in normal cases, 28 mm, 26 mm, 2.15 and 2 mm, in case with renal cell carcinoma. The correlation between thickness of CB and parenchyme was significant (AT-PT r=0.555, p&lt;0.001, and LT-PT r=0.614, p&lt;0.001). Peripheral vascularities were observed in all, central minute vascular focuses in 24 (18%), hypoechogenity in 12 (9.0%), bulging exterior contour in 9 (6%) CB. Conclusion: Increased vascularity, hypoechogenity, increased thickness of CB and thickness to parenchyme ratio are suspicious sonographic findings which may necessitate CT examination

Türkiye Bal Arıları Genetik Farklarının Koloni Dayanıklılığına (Vitality) Etkileri

TÜBİTAK KBAG Proje01.11.201

The frequency of Duchenne muscular dystrophy/Becker muscular dystrophy and Pompe disease in children with isolated transaminase elevation: results from the observational VICTORIA study

IntroductionElevated transaminases and/or creatine phosphokinase can indicate underlying muscle disease. Therefore, this study aims to determine the frequency of Duchenne muscular dystrophy/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) in male children and Pompe disease (PD) in male and female children with isolated hypertransaminasemia.MethodsThis multi-center, prospective study enrolled patients aged 3–216 months with serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and/or aspartate transaminase (AST) levels &gt;2× the upper limit of normal (ULN) for ≥3 months. Patients with a known history of liver or muscle disease or physical examination findings suggestive of liver disease were excluded. Patients were screened for creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) levels, and molecular genetic tests for DMD/BMD in male patients and enzyme analysis for PD in male and female patients with elevated CPK levels were performed. Genetic analyses confirmed PD. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of the patients were analyzed.ResultsOverall, 589 patients [66.8% male, mean age of 63.4 months (standard deviation: 60.5)] were included. In total, 251 patients (188 male and 63 female) had CPK levels above the ULN. Of the patients assessed, 47% (85/182) of male patients were diagnosed with DMD/BMD and 1% (3/228) of male and female patients were diagnosed with PD. The median ALT, AST, and CPK levels were statistically significantly higher, and the questioned neurological symptoms and previously unnoticed examination findings were more common in DMD/BMD patients than those without DMD/BMD or PD (p &lt; 0.001).DiscussionQuestioning neurological symptoms, conducting a complete physical examination, and testing for CPK levels in patients with isolated hypertransaminasemia will prevent costly and time-consuming investigations for liver diseases and will lead to the diagnosis of occult neuromuscular diseases. Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT04120168

The pollution problems of surface water resources of Kocaeli province and their effects on agricultural soils

Bu çalışma; genel olarak yüzeysel su kaynaklarının kirlenme sorunlarını açıklamak, Kocaeli İlinde su kirliliğini yaratan etmenleri belirleyip, oluşturduğu toprak kirliliğini incelemek ve elde edilen bulgular yardımıyla toprak kirliliğinin önlenmesi için öneriler getirmek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Su kirliliğinin, evsel ve endüstriyel atıkların su ortamlarına antılmaksızın boşaltılmaları, tarımda verimi artırmak amacıyla bilinçsizce kullanılan doğal ve yapay maddelerin su ortamlarına taşınması gibi nedenlerle oluştuğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak; sulama amaçlı göletlerden alınan sulama suyunun tarım topraklarında herhangi bir kirliliğe yol açmadığı, Kocaeli'nde derelerin erozyon sonucu taşıdığı toprağın taran arazilerine ulaşması sonucu tahribat oluşturduğu, İzmit Körfezi suyunun dolaylı olarak sulama suyuna karışmasıyla topraklarda tuzluluk yarattığı, Sapanca Gölü sularının ise henüz topraklarda kirletici olmadığı saptanmıştır.In the study, pollution problems of surface waters and the factors creating that pollution in Kocaeli were shown and soil pollution caused by surface water pollution was examined. Some measures for preventing the soil pollution were proposed, also. Surface water pollution was determined to be caused by discharge of municipal and industrial wastewaters to surface waters without treatment and the transfer of natural and artificial compounds used unconsciously to increase the productivity to the surface water bodies. It was concluded that the waters coming from irrigation lagoons were created no pollution in agricultural lands, but the streams caused damages on these lands by the soils carried as a result of erosion. In addition, the indirect leakege of İzmit Bay waters to the irrigation waters caused salinity in lands, but the waters of Sapanca Lake is not a pollutant for lands yet

Anatomic variations of the colon detected an abdominal CT scans

AMAÇ Abdomen BT incelemelerinde saptanan kolonun anatomik varyasyonlarının insidansını ve görünümlerini sunmak. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM Bölümümüzde ardı ardına çekilen 296 abdomen BT incelemesinde retrorenal kolon, retrogastrik kolon (hepatopankreatik interpozisyon veya retrosplenik kolon), yüksek yerleşimli sağ kolon ve kolonun böbrek ile psoas kası arasına ve hepatodiyafragmatik (anterior veya posterior) interpozisyonu araştırıldı. BULGULAR Biri pankreatikogastrik (%0.3), diğeri retrosplenik (%0.3) 2 olguda retrogastrik kolon; 2 olguda (%0.7) böbrek ile psoas kası arasına interpozisyon; 2 olguda iki taraflı, 3 olguda tek taraflı retrorenal kolon (%1.2); 1 olguda posterior (%0.3), 6 olguda (%2.1) anterolateral hepatodiyafragmatik interposizyon; 4 olguda çekum tamamen subhepatik, 8 olguda sağ alt kadran ile karaciğer arasında ara bir bölgede olmak üzere 12 olguda (%4.2) yüksek yerleşimli sağ kolon saptandı. Subhepatik yerleşimli çekum olan olgulardan birinde terminal ileum Morrison boşluğunda, diğerinde renal hilus anteriorunda yerleşmekteydi. SONUÇ Kolonun yerleşim varyasyonlarının rotasyon ve fiksasyondaki hafif embriyolojik anormallikler, kısa transvers mezokolon, intraperitoneal asendan veya desendan kolon, abdomen içi basınç artışı ve retroperitoneal yağ dokusu miktarının azalması gibi nedenlere bağlı geliştiği düşünülmektedir. Kolonun pankreatikogastrik interpozisyonu %0.2, retrosplenik yerleşimi %0.03-0.3, kısmi retrorenal yerleşim %9-10, tam retrorenal yerleşim %1, böbrek ile psoas kası arasına interpozisyonu sağda %1.7 solda %0.7, anterolateral hepatodiyafragmatik interpozisyon %1.3-3 oranlarında gözlenebilmektedir. Atipik yerleşimli kolon, patolojik olduğunda tanı hatalarına yol açabilir. Küçük omentumda yerleştiğinde patolojik olmasa da, bu bölgenin birçok patolojisinin görünümünü taklit edebilir. İntravenöz ürografi tetkiklerinde kitle imajı yaratabilir. Karaciğer, böbrek, dalak veya safra kesesi perkütan girişimlerinde ve cerrahisinde kolon perforasyonu oluşabilir. Bu nedenlerle BT incelemelerinde kolonun atipik yerleşimleri araştırılmalıdır.PURPOSE: The frequency of anatomic variations of the colon detected on abdominal CT scans was examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 296 consequtive abdominal tomography were evaluated prospectively for the presence of retrorenal colon, retrogastric (pancreaticogastric interposition or retrosplenic) colon, high positioned colon, interposition of the colon between the psoas muscle and the kidney and hepatodiaphragmatic interposition (anterior or posterior). RESULTS: We observed 2 retrogastric colon [1 pancreaticogastric (0.3%), 1 retrosplenic (0.3%)], 7 retrorenal colon (1.2%) being bilateral in two cases, 2 interposition of colon between the psoas muscle and the kidney (0.7%), 1 posterior (0.3%) and 6 anterolateral hepatodiaphragmatic interposition (2.1%) and 12 high positioned cecum (4.2%) (in 4 of them cecum was totally subhepatic in location). Terminal ileum was lying in Morrison‘s pouch and anterior to renal hilus in two of the cases with subhepatic cecum. CONCLUSION: Anatomic variations of the colon probably result due to mild embryologic abnormalities of bowel rotation and fixation, short transvers mesocolon, intraperitoneal ascending or descending colon, increased intraperitoneal pressure or decreased retroperitoneal fat. Pancreaticogastric interposition occurs in approximately 0.2%, partial retrorenal colon in 9-10%, complete retrorenal colon 1%, interposition between psoas muscle and kidney in 0.7-1.7%, anterolateral hepatodiaphragmatic interposition in 1.3-3% of individuals. When located in lesser sac it simulates several pathologies of this area. On intravenous urography images it may cause mass effect. In percutaneous interventions and surgical procedures colon may be perforated. For these reasons tomography images should be evaluated for the presence of these anatomic variations

Isolation, purification and determination of some biochemical properties of ß-glucosidase from Muscat of Bornova grape

This research was undertaken to determine biochemical properties of ß-glucosidase (ß-d-glucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.21) isolated from Muscat of Bornova grape. The optimum pH for ß-glucosidase activity was found to be 5.0, and the enzyme showed high activity over a broad pH range of 4.5-6.0. However, due to low activity at pH 3.0, the enzyme is expected to exhibit only a fraction of the maximum activity during grape juice fermentation due to low pH of grape juice. As the temperature increased from 30 to 55 °C, the activity increased, too, the maximum activity occurring at 55 °C which implies that the enzyme is expected to exhibit a low activity at grape juice fermentation. According to thermal inactivation studies, k D values increased as the temperature increased, whereas half-life and D values decreased. Energy of activation (E a) and Z values were found to be 120.99 kj mol-1 (r 2 = 0.9776) and 18.08 °C (r 2 = 0.9750), respectively. d-glucose and ethyl alcohol inhibited the enzyme at varying degrees depending on the concentration. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.Acknowledgments This study (ZF2008.YL.36) was funded by the Research Fund of the University of Cukurova, Turkey